Morphology

The values in the mor column contain a morphological analysis of the word tokens in a given utterance: viz., each word’s ...

• lemma
• part-of-speech
• prefix
• suffix

For example, consider the utterance transcribed:

let's see, I'm going to make Dad's dinner &xxx .

This would be coded in the mor column as follows:

aux|let's v|see pro|I~aux|be&1S aux|go-PROG inf|to v|make n:prop|Dad-POSS n|dinner .

Note the following:

• each word token is replaced by its lemma (dictionary form)
• each word is preceded by a part-of-speech code, which consists of lower-case letters and colons
• suffixes may be added at the end of a word, marked by a dash (-) or an ampersand (&) and written using numbers and capital letters
• prefixes may be added before the part-of-speech code, separated from the main lexeme by a pound sign (#)
• compound words have normal part-of-speech codes and word types, joined together by plus signs (+), and preceded by the part-of-speech code of the compound as a whole (e.g., n|+adj|black+n|bird)
• cliticized words are written with a tilde (~) connecting it to the previous word.

POS Tags

The mor column indicates the part-of-speech of each word token in an utterance. The following table provides short descriptions of the meaning of each part-of-speech tag.

Tag	Part of Speech
adj	adjective
adj:n	adjective derived from noun
adj:v	adjective derived from verb
adv	adverb
adv:adj	adverb derived from adjective
adv:int	intensifying adverb
adv:loc	locational adverb
adv:tem	temporal adverb
adv:wh	WH adverb
aux	auxiliary verb
co	communicator
co:voc	vocative communicator
conj:coo	coordinating conjunction
conj:subor	subordinating conjunction
det	determiner
det:num	numeric determiner
det:wh	WH determiner
fil	filler
inf	infinitive
int	interjection
n	noun
n:adj	noun derived from adjective
n:gerund	nominal gerund
n:pt	plurale tantum noun
n:v	noun derived from verb
neg	negation
on	onomatopoeia
part	participle
post	postposition
prep	preposition
pro	pronoun
pro:dem	demonstrative pronoun
pro:exist	existential pronoun
pro:indef	indefinite pronoun
pro:poss	possessive pronoun
pro:poss:det	determiner possessive pronoun
pro:refl	reflexive pronoun
pro:wh	WH pronoun
ptl	particle
qn	quantifier
rel	relativizer
v	verb
v:n	verb derived from noun

POS Notes

Below is a quick overview of the main part-of-speech classes.

Adjectives modify nouns, either prenominally, or predicatively. Unitary compound modifiers such as good-looking should be labeled as adjectives.

Adverbs cover a heterogenous class of words including: manner adverbs, which generally end in -ly; locative adverbs, which include expressions of time and place; intensifiers that modify adjectives; and post-head modifiers, such as indeed and enough.

Communicators are used for interactive and communicative forms which fulfill a variety of functions in speech and conversation. Many of these are formulaic expressions such as hello, good-morning, good-bye, please, thank-you. Also included in this category are words used to express emotion, as well as imitative and onomatopeic forms, such as ah, aw, boom, boom-boom, icky, wow, yuck, yummy.

Conjunctions conjoin two or more words, phrases, or sentences. Coordinating conjunc- tions include: and, but, or, yet. Subordinating conjunctions include: although, because, if, unless, until.

Determiners include articles, and definite and indefinite determiners. Possessive determiners such as my and your are tagged det:poss.

The infinitive marker is the word to which is tagged inf|to.

Nouns are tagged with n for common nouns, and n:prop for proper nouns (names of people, places, fictional characters, brand-name products).

The word not serves as a negation marker and is tagged neg|not.

Numbers are tagged num for cardinal numbers. The ordinal numbers are adjectives.

Particles are words that are often also prepositions, but serve as verbal particles.

Prepositions are tagged as prep. Only words that are part of a prepositional phrase should be coded as prepositions.

Quantifiers include each, every, all, some, and similar items.

Prefix Codes

Prefix	Function
CO	verb prefix (co-)
DE	verb prefix (de-)
MEGA	verb prefix (mega-)
MINI	verb prefix (mini-)
MULTI	verb prefix (multi-)
NON	verb prefix (non-)
SEMI	verb prefix (semi-)
SUPER	verb prefix (super-)
UNDER	verb prefix (under-)
UP	verb prefix (up-)
ANTI	verb prefix (anti-)
DIS	verb prefix (dis-)
MIS	verb prefix (mis-)
OUT	verb prefix (out-)
OVER	verb prefix (over-)
PRE	verb prefix (pre-)
PRO	verb prefix (pro-)
RE	verb prefix (re-)
UN	verb prefix (un-)

Suffix Codes

Suffix	Meaning
13S	first- and third-person singular
1S	first-person singular
3S	third-person singular
ABLE	-able verb to adj derivational suffix
AGT	agentive suffix
AL	-al noun to adj derivational suffix
COND	conditional verb suffix
CP	comparative adj and adverb suffix
DIM	diminutive suffix
ER	-er nominalizer
FULL	-full/ful nominal suffix (spoonful)
GERUND	gerund suffix
ISH	-ish adjective or noun to adj suffix
LESS	-less noun to adj suffix
LIKE	-like noun to adj suffix (fishlike)
LOOKING	-looking adjective suffix (funnylooking)
LY	-ly adj to adverb suffix
NESS	-ness adj to noun suffix
PAST	past tense marker
PERF	perfect participle marker
PL	plural marker
POSS	possessive suffix
PRES	present tense marker
PROG	progressive participle marker
SP	superlative adj and adverb marker
Y	-y verb or noun to adj suffix (burny)
ZERO	null suffix for verbs with no explicit past tense