********** Morphology ********** The values in the **mor** column contain a morphological analysis of the word tokens in a given utterance: viz., each word's ... * lemma * part-of-speech * prefix * suffix For example, consider the utterance transcribed:: let's see, I'm going to make Dad's dinner &xxx . This would be coded in the mor column as follows:: aux|let's v|see pro|I~aux|be&1S aux|go-PROG inf|to v|make n:prop|Dad-POSS n|dinner . Note the following: - each word token is replaced by its lemma (dictionary form) - each word is preceded by a part-of-speech code, which consists of lower-case letters and colons - suffixes may be added at the end of a word, marked by a dash (``-``) or an ampersand (``&``) and written using numbers and capital letters - prefixes may be added before the part-of-speech code, separated from the main lexeme by a pound sign (``#``) - compound words have normal part-of-speech codes and word types, joined together by plus signs (``+``), and preceded by the part-of-speech code of the compound as a whole (e.g., ``n|+adj|black+n|bird``) - cliticized words are written with a tilde (``~``) connecting it to the previous word. POS Tags -------- The **mor** column indicates the part-of-speech of each word token in an utterance. The following table provides short descriptions of the meaning of each part-of-speech tag. ================ ============================= Tag Part of Speech ================ ============================= ``adj`` adjective ``adj:n`` adjective derived from noun ``adj:v`` adjective derived from verb ``adv`` adverb ``adv:adj`` adverb derived from adjective ``adv:int`` intensifying adverb ``adv:loc`` locational adverb ``adv:tem`` temporal adverb ``adv:wh`` WH adverb ``aux`` auxiliary verb ``co`` communicator ``co:voc`` vocative communicator ``conj:coo`` coordinating conjunction ``conj:subor`` subordinating conjunction ``det`` determiner ``det:num`` numeric determiner ``det:wh`` WH determiner ``fil`` filler ``inf`` infinitive ``int`` interjection ``n`` noun ``n:adj`` noun derived from adjective ``n:gerund`` nominal gerund ``n:pt`` plurale tantum noun ``n:v`` noun derived from verb ``neg`` negation ``on`` onomatopoeia ``part`` participle ``post`` postposition ``prep`` preposition ``pro`` pronoun ``pro:dem`` demonstrative pronoun ``pro:exist`` existential pronoun ``pro:indef`` indefinite pronoun ``pro:poss`` possessive pronoun ``pro:poss:det`` determiner possessive pronoun ``pro:refl`` reflexive pronoun ``pro:wh`` WH pronoun ``ptl`` particle ``qn`` quantifier ``rel`` relativizer ``v`` verb ``v:n`` verb derived from noun ================ ============================= POS Notes +++++++++ Below is a quick overview of the main part-of-speech classes. **Adjectives** modify nouns, either prenominally, or predicatively. Unitary compound modifiers such as *good-looking* should be labeled as adjectives. **Adverbs** cover a heterogenous class of words including: manner adverbs, which generally end in *-ly*; locative adverbs, which include expressions of time and place; intensifiers that modify adjectives; and post-head modifiers, such as *indeed* and *enough*. **Communicators** are used for interactive and communicative forms which fulfill a variety of functions in speech and conversation. Many of these are formulaic expressions such as *hello, good-morning, good-bye, please, thank-you*. Also included in this category are words used to express emotion, as well as imitative and onomatopeic forms, such as *ah, aw, boom, boom-boom, icky, wow, yuck, yummy*. **Conjunctions** conjoin two or more words, phrases, or sentences. Coordinating conjunc- tions include: *and, but, or, yet*. Subordinating conjunctions include: *although, because, if, unless, until*. **Determiners** include articles, and definite and indefinite determiners. Possessive determiners such as *my* and *your* are tagged ``det:poss``. The **infinitive** marker is the word *to* which is tagged ``inf|to``. **Nouns** are tagged with ``n`` for common nouns, and ``n:prop`` for proper nouns (names of people, places, fictional characters, brand-name products). The word *not* serves as a **negation** marker and is tagged ``neg|not``. **Numbers** are tagged ``num`` for cardinal numbers. The ordinal numbers are adjectives. **Particles** are words that are often also prepositions, but serve as verbal particles. **Prepositions** are tagged as ``prep``. Only words that are part of a prepositional phrase should be coded as prepositions. **Quantifiers** include *each, every, all, some*, and similar items. Prefix Codes ------------ ========== =========================== Prefix Function ========== =========================== ``CO`` verb prefix (*co-*) ``DE`` verb prefix (*de-*) ``MEGA`` verb prefix (*mega-*) ``MINI`` verb prefix (*mini-*) ``MULTI`` verb prefix (*multi-*) ``NON`` verb prefix (*non-*) ``SEMI`` verb prefix (*semi-*) ``SUPER`` verb prefix (*super-*) ``UNDER`` verb prefix (*under-*) ``UP`` verb prefix (*up-*) ``ANTI`` verb prefix (*anti-*) ``DIS`` verb prefix (*dis-*) ``MIS`` verb prefix (*mis-*) ``OUT`` verb prefix (*out-*) ``OVER`` verb prefix (*over-*) ``PRE`` verb prefix (*pre-*) ``PRO`` verb prefix (*pro-*) ``RE`` verb prefix (*re-*) ``UN`` verb prefix (*un-*) ========== =========================== Suffix Codes ------------ =========== ================================================= Suffix Meaning =========== ================================================= ``13S`` first- and third-person singular ``1S`` first-person singular ``3S`` third-person singular ``ABLE`` *-able* verb to adj derivational suffix ``AGT`` agentive suffix ``AL`` *-al* noun to adj derivational suffix ``COND`` conditional verb suffix ``CP`` comparative adj and adverb suffix ``DIM`` diminutive suffix ``ER`` *-er* nominalizer ``FULL`` *-full/ful* nominal suffix (*spoonful*) ``GERUND`` gerund suffix ``ISH`` *-ish* adjective or noun to adj suffix ``LESS`` *-less* noun to adj suffix ``LIKE`` *-like* noun to adj suffix (*fishlike*) ``LOOKING`` *-looking* adjective suffix (*funnylooking*) ``LY`` *-ly* adj to adverb suffix ``NESS`` *-ness* adj to noun suffix ``PAST`` past tense marker ``PERF`` perfect participle marker ``PL`` plural marker ``POSS`` possessive suffix ``PRES`` present tense marker ``PROG`` progressive participle marker ``SP`` superlative adj and adverb marker ``Y`` *-y* verb or noun to adj suffix (*burny*) ``ZERO`` null suffix for verbs with no explicit past tense =========== =================================================