Word Categories

Noun

All nouns of any kind, comprising the following subcategories:

Proper Noun

All proper nouns.

has POS tag n:prop

• James
• Legos
• I speak German.

Negative Examples:

• I am a german woman.

Basic Noun

All morphological nouns, including gerunds, excluding proper nouns and pronouns.

has POS tag that starts with n: and is not neg or n:prop

Examples:

• chair
• The writing is on the wall.

Negative Examples:

• I want some.
• I like writing.

Pronoun

All pronouns of any kind, comprising all of the following subcategories:

Personal Pronoun

Personal pronouns, excluding reflexives, possessives, and the impersonal pronoun.

has POS tag pro and is not “it”

• you
• them

Negative Examples:

• your
• it
• himself

Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative pronouns.

has POS tag pro:dem

Examples:

• those
• I want that

Negative examples:

• That one.

Possessive Pronoun

Possessive pronouns, used as nominals and not determiners.

has POS tag pro:poss and is not pro:poss:det

Examples:

• It’s hers.

Negative examples:

• Her bike.

Impersonal Pronoun

All instances of the impersonal pronoun ‘it’.

has lemma ‘it’

• It‘s him.

Miscellaneous Pronoun

All pronouns which do not fall into the preceding specific categories of pronoun.

has POS tag pro:indef, pro:exist, pro:refl, or pro:wh

• That one.
• There are three.
• Himself.

Verb

All verbs of all kinds, comprising the following categories:

Auxiliary Verb

All auxiliary verbs, including modals.

has POS aux

• I was running.
• I want to go.

Basic Verb

Verbs which are marked as full verbs or which are participles serving the role of a full verb, excluding the copula.

has POS that begins with v or has POS part and one of the verbal GRs (CSUBJ, XSUBJ, CPRED, XPRED, CMOD, XMOD, COMP, XCOMP, CJCT, XJCT, ROOT)

• I was running.
• I ran.

Copula

The copula (the verb “to be”) anytime it appears in the transcript. This does not include auxilliary “be”.

has POS ‘v’ and lemma “be”

• I am a doctor.
• It ‘s nice to be friends.

Conjunction

Subordinating Conjunction

Number of uses of a conjunction other than {and, or, but}

• I went because I wanted to.
• Before he went, he saw me.

n.b.: This count includes occasional cases where the conjunction does not introduce a clause, usually because the speaker halted mid-sentence.

• I don’t think so because –

Dangling Coordinator

Number of times that a coordinator appears, but does not actually coordinate two or more items.

• And then I went.
• Or not.