.. _g2sect_7: ************** Example Manual ************** G-S Relationship examples: Deictics (& some Iconics) ==================================================== RF -- Gesture replicates speech (includes match both at the basic and superordinate level) +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Cookie | point at cookie | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Put it on the table | point at table | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | What letter is this? | point at letters in book | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | What color are his tires? | hold up green tires | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Put the animals | hold up sheep and pig, one in each hand | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | A mommy | point to picture of lady | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | mommy, daddy, baby | point to big, medium, small penguin | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Clean the house | point to a wall in the house | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Open the door | point to door knob | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Get her the boat | point to drawer where the boat is | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Me want hotdog | point to refrigerator where hotdog is | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | It's my hat | point to hat | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | garbage | point to kitchen where garbage is | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | pew! | iconic: wave hand: it stinks | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | round | iconic: make a circle with hand | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Turn it over | iconic hand turn | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Quiet | metaphoric: palm down, moves down | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | This side | point to puzzle | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | This part. | point to picture. | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | That piece. | point to puzzle piece. | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | That end. | point to other end of couch. | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ For speech that involves counting: If the pointing gesture is highlighting the number aspect, then call it an RF. +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | There is one | point: picture in book | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | one, two, three | point: bread piece1, bread piece 2, bread piece 3 | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | You got one two three | hold up a triangle, a heart, a circle | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ Gestures accompanying imaginative play: +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | There's a stoplight. | point to block representing stoplight (after first time item is introduced as a stoplight). | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Want some tea? | Hold up empty teacup. | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ RF.a ---- Gesture replicates the adjective in speech (only for physically apparent ones) +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | Happy | point at a happy baby in book | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | There is the purple one | point at purple bead | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | Purple | point at purple bead | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | It is yellow. | hold up yellow peg | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | How about the blue one? | hold up blue peg | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | Hammer the green one | hold up green peg | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | A long one and a short one | point at long playdough then point at short playdough | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ RF.p ---- Gesture replicates the predicate in speech +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | Sleeping | point at sleeping cat in movie | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | Crying | point at crying baby in book | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | Crying | point toward room where baby is crying | +----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ DA -- Gesture clarifies a pronominal reference (he, they, it, this, that, etc.), a deictic reference (here, there), or a particle (up, down) in speech +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | What are these? | point to noodles | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | What color is this? | hold pink marker | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | These are mine. | point to self | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | It's my hat. | point to self | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Who is this? | point to Sarah in picture | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Who are those guys? | point to red bird + point to blue bird | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | What is his name? | point to boy in picture | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | That is not a bee. | point to dragonfly | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Is that an elephant? | point to mammoth | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | It looks like an elephant | point to mammoth | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | That is Julie's stuff. | point to Julie's backpack | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Where is their car? | hold up Ken and Barbie | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Put it over there? | point to coffee table | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Give it to me. | point to cookie | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | You want to see this one? | hold up a book | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Up | point to an upper shelf | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Down | point to floor | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Put it through the back | point to back of toy | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Put the man on top | point to top of toy | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | This one is raspberry | point to raspberry juice box | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | This way | point any direction | +---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ ADD --- Gesture adds a new argument to what is conveyed in speech +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Here | hold up a toy block | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | See | hold up a toy block | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Look | hold up a toy block | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | What color? | hold pink marker | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | What shape? | hold up triangle block | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | How about? | point to empty space in puzzle | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Zoe | point at orange circle | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Put it back in | hold up plastic bag | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | kiss Santa and put it back | point to a location | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | put it back on | point to a location (a plant) | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | You need to hold on | point to spin wheel | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Put in | point to hole in toy fridge | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Put it back | point to couch | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | You have some on your tray. | point to food on tray | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Little bit more. | point to juice in cup | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Want some? | hold up a banana | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | You want the other half | point to noodle | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Want to feed? | point to spoon | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Not Elmo | point to other toy on floor | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | They are camping | point to tent | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Water | point to toy sink (where there is no water) | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | You are supposed to leave it | point to other room | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Want to say hi to him? | hold up toy phone | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | In the cheese | point to mouse in cheese toy | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | You want to scan the eggs | point to scanner | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Look what I have got! | hold up ball + hold up barney | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Look what I have got! | hold up a toy block | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Eat what's on your tray. | point to food on tray | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | You know where it goes | point to puzzle board | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | All gone | hold up snack wrapper | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | All done | hold up the back cover of book | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | All gone | hold up empty hands | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Daddy | point to street where daddy was previously | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | What do you want? | point to toys in basket | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | What's Mommy got in her hand? | hold object | +---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ With adjectives +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | Broken | hold up toy | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | Hot | point to radiator | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | A big | hold up truck | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | Yucky | hold up green beans | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ ADD.nr ------ Gesture adds a new predicate to what is conveyed in speech +-------------------------------+----------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+----------------------+ | Let me see it | open palm: give toy | +-------------------------------+----------------------+ | Come here | palm: give bottle | +-------------------------------+----------------------+ | Who loves Mommy? | come | +-------------------------------+----------------------+ ADD.s ----- For characterizing sounds (typically animal sounds), code ADD.s for speech that produce animal sounds, or some other sound characteristic of an entity (e.g., crying sound for a sad person, engine sound for a car) +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Meow! | point to cat in book | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Woof! | point to cat dog | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Wa wa wa! (crying sound) | hold up a sad bear face | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Choo choo! | hold up a toy train | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ ADD.ns ------ For evaluative sounds, code ADD.ns for speech that act as an evaluative marking on a gesture (surprise sound Uh-oh!, question sound: Hmm?, excitement sound: Wow!, etc.) +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | Oh! | hold up: Winnie the Pooh | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | Hmm? | point at cat | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ ADD.f ----- +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | Yeah | point to bottle | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | Thank You | hold cup of milk | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | OK | point to TV | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ Also: ByeBye, Hello/hey, alright, sure, please, oh well, it's all right, you're welcome, oh my, excuse me, amen, there you go, here you go, it's ok, I mean, hold on, oh my gosh, that's right, I'm sorry, bless you, right. ADD.q ----- Gesture answers Wh-type question in speech +-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Where are the apples?. | point to apple tree in book | +-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Where's baby Mikey? | point to baby in picture | +-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Which fish did he catch? | point to fish caught by character in a book | +-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Where is the cow? | point to board where cow is located | +-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ ADD.err ------- Gesture adds an incorrect match to speech +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | cat | point at dog | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | frog | palm up: give cat | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ ADD.err.s --------- Gesture adds an incorrect match to speech that includes an animal or artifact sound +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | Meow | point at dog | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ | Ruff | point at dinosaur | +-------------------------------+---------------------------+ G-S Relationship examples: Conventionals (& some Functional Acts) ================================================================= .. _g2_gsrelat-convent: GIVE ---- * Any indication of object transfer in speech gets "RF" * Other speech with verbs typically gets "ADD.nr" * Fillers (e.g., OK, yeah, thank you) gets "ADD.f" * Ignore pronouns in give gestures; so no "DA" coding RF ^^ +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Give me the pacifier | open palm: give pacifier | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Can I have the ball? | open palm: give ball | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Let me have it. | open palm: give ball | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | You want me to take it? | open palm: give ball | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Throw it to mom! | open palm: give ball | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Roll it to mom! | open palm: give pacifier | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Send it back | open palm: give ball | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Hand it (to me) | open palm: give ball | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Bring your bike here | palm up: give bike | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ ADD ^^^ +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | My pacifier | open palm: give pacifier | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Ball | open palm: give ball | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | More | open palm: give cracker | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Yeah over here | open palm: give ball | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Ball | open palm: give ball | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Daddy | open palm: give ball | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Na-na | open palm: give pacifier (nana=pacifier) | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | throw it | open palm: give ball | +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ ADD.nr ^^^^^^ +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Want me to fix it? | open palm: give toy | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Can I see your book? | open palm: give book | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Want me to put them together? | open palm: give lego | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Let me see | open palm: give toy | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | That was your Winnie the Pooh snack? | open palm: give snack wrapper | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Hot. | give food (the food is hot) | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ ADD.err ^^^^^^^ +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Ball | give red ribbon | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ ADD.f ^^^^^ +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Yeah | open palm: give ball | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Thank you | open palm: give ball | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | OK | open palm: give ball | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ Also: ByeBye, Hello/hey, alright, sure, please, oh well, it's all right, you're welcome, oh my, excuse me, amen, there you go, here you go, it's ok, I mean, hold on, oh my gosh, that's right, I'm sorry, bless you, right. FLIPS ----- RF ^^ Code "RF" when flips come with a question of any sort. These include sentences that are declarative, but are produced with a question intonation. +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | What will Molly tape? | flip her hands: "don't know" | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Does that hurt? | flip her hands: "don't know" | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | That is your blue book? | flip her hands: "don't know" | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Blue? | flip her hands: "don't know" | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ Code "RF" when flips match the discursive intonation of speech. +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | I can't do it anymore | flip w/shrug: give up | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | I didn't do it | flip: don't know | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | uh-oh! | flip: where is it? | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | Look how nice it is! | flip: exclamation | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | Big boy! | flip: exclamation | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ Code "RF" when flips come with speech that marks absence of objects or people. +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | I don't have any more grapes | flip: all gone | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | No kitty cats | flip: all gone | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ ADD ^^^ Code "ADD" when flip adds a question to what is said; this does not happen very often, typically children use this, but sometimes the moms may use it as well. +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ | Mommy | flip: where is she? | +-------------------------------+-----------------------+ NODS & SHAKES ------------- Nods produced with **affirmative** words or words of **positive emotional** valence are considered reinforcing (RF). Shakes produced with words of **negation** or words of **negative emotional** valence are considered reinforcing (RF). **Nods (affirmation)** * Yes * Yep * Yeah * Right * Uh-huh * Sure * Ok * Absolutely * Right on * Mm-hmm **Shakes (negation)** * No * Nope * Nah * Not * Don't * Didn't * Won't * Wouldn't * Can't * Uh-uh **Nods (positive emotion)** * Great * Awesome * Good * Sweet * Fabulous **Shakes (negative emotion)** * Bad * Horrible * Yuck * Bleagh * Disgusting * Etc. RF ^^ +-------------------------------+---------------+ | **Speech:** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------+ | Yeah | nod | +-------------------------------+---------------+ | yeah? | nod | +-------------------------------+---------------+ | No? | shake | +-------------------------------+---------------+ | Don't | shake | +-------------------------------+---------------+ | Yucky | shake | +-------------------------------+---------------+ ADD ^^^ Gesture adds a negation to an affirmative sentence that is not a question +---------------------------------------+---------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------------------+---------------+ | Got to find a new place for that | shake | +---------------------------------------+---------------+ | the CD is out | shake | +---------------------------------------+---------------+ E ^ Gesture that comes with questions (or declarative sentences in speech), but does not answer the question. It just emphasizes it. I typically change the gloss of the gesture from "yes" or "no" to "emphasis" +---------------------------------------+---------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------------------+---------------+ | you want to go bye bye, don't you? | nod | +---------------------------------------+---------------+ | Hard to decide | shake | +---------------------------------------+---------------+ | Where are you going? | nod | +---------------------------------------+---------------+ OTHER CONVENTIONALS ------------------- RF ^^ +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | No, no, no, no | naughties | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Leave me alone | naughties | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Take a breath | Palm out (wait gesture): slow down | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | That is enough | Palm down (wait gesture): slow down | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | come/come here/come on, etc. | pick up | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Up | pick me up | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ ADD.nr ^^^^^^ +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Hug | beckon | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Let's go | beckon | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ MS ^^ Code MS for unconventional sounds. This typically happens with infants, rarely with adults +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Ba! | holds up a bottle | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Ba! | holds up a toy lid | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Da! | points at food on table | +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ FUNCTIONAL ACTS (FA) -------------------- For all functional acts (hold-outs and demonstrators) code gesture-speech relation as "FA" +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | **Speech** | **Gesture** | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Want me to help you up? | open palm: take hand | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Get up? | open palm: take hand | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Want more juice? | hold out: take juice bottle | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | This is how you turn the handle | demo: hand turns the handle | +---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ Semantic Role examples ====================== For further info see Levin (1955); Lyons (1977), Croft (1991) Confusing example sentences --------------------------- * "You need to match this one to this one" +POINT (to puzzle piece) +POINT (to other puzzle piece) = TH & IE * "This one matches this one" +POINT (to shirt) +POINT (to pants) = ED & ED * "Pink" +POINT (to shoe) = ED * "This one is pink"" +POINT (to shoe) = ED * "Fast" +POINT (to toy car) = ED * "I think" +POINT (to brownies) = X (unable to determine role) Transitive Agent [TA] --------------------- * The **boy** ate the pretzel. * **Susan** read the book. * **William** put the frog in a bowl. * **Emily** bought a new bike. * The **robber** turned himself in. * **Matt** sang an old song. Intransitive Agent [IA] ----------------------- * The **boy** ate. * The **cat** slept. * **Charles** sang. * **Jonah** jumped into the lake. * The **bird** flew up to the branch. Possessor [PO] -------------- * **Brian** has two turtles. * **I** have more cookies than Paul. * This is **Greg**'s purple hat. * **My** name is Franklin. +POINT (to self) * These are **mine**. +PALM (to self) * The video is **his**. +POINT (to other) Experiencer [EX] ---------------- +---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | **Emotion** | **Perception** | **Sensory Perception** | +---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | * **I** am morose. | * **Sam** knows Lois. | * **Richard** saw the bear cub first. | | * Hugging my dog makes **me** happy. | * **Walter** understood the theorem. | * The flowers smelled nice to **Amanda**. | | * **James** is in love with Dorian. | | * **Everyone** heard the explosion | | * **Kelsey** likes playing jacks | | | | * Spiders frighten **Wanda**. | | | | * **I** want a cookie! | | | +---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ Patient [PA] ------------ * Thomas ate all the **cheese** * The fire destroyed the **building** * Goats groom **each other** with their teeth * Can you open the **jar**? * Cut **it**! * I read the **book**. * The **rain** stopped. Theme [TH] ---------- * Damien put the **jar** on the shelf. * He gave the **flowers** to Jennifer. * I drove **Sarah** to the mall. * She took her **wallet** so she could shop. * Andrew told Kayla a **secret**. * **Humphrey** fell off the couch. * Daisy made **Zora** late for her appointment. Entity-Locative (static) [EL] ----------------------------- * The **cup** is on the table. * **Dad** is in his office. * **Frogs** live in the river. * The **possum** is on the patio. Entity-Owned (static) [EO] -------------------------- Only animate things (or characters) can own entities. Otherwise possessive descriptions are Described Entities. * **This** is mine. +POINT (to object) * Mine. +**POINT(to object)** * Brian has four **dump trucks**. * The **shoes** belong to Jane. * Mom's **slippers**. * My **freckles**. Entity-Perceived [EP] --------------------- * I saw two **dogs** playing. * Look at **that**! +POINT * He could smell **dinner** all the way upstairs. * Touch the **rabbit** on his back. * This **dress** looks weird in this light. * I want **cookies**! * Want to look? **+POINT** * See mommy? **+POINT** Entity-Described [ED] --------------------- * The **rabbit** is soft. * **Candles** are hot. * This purple **dress**. * **Frogs** are nice. * **Max** is my friend. * There are four. **+POINT** * **It**'s for me. * Is **that one** fast? * Lots of **sugar**. * Pink **box** * Squishy **+POINT** * How about the last **corner?** + POINT to puzzle piece Entity-Named [EN] ----------------- * This is a **turtle**. * **Larry**. * **Sugar**. * **Pink**. * What's **this**? * **This** one +POINT * **POINT** * Is **that** it? Animate Endpoint [AE] --------------------- * I gave two quarters to **Hector**. * The ball rolled to the **dog**. * Fred's bike crashed into **me**. * Hand **Lilly** the corkscrew. * The horse walked up to **Kaye**. * Bring back my bonnie to **me**. Inanimate Endpoint [IE] ----------------------- * I put two quarters into the **machine**. * The meatball rolled under the **sofa**. * Put your feet in your **shoes**. * The bunny hopped into the **river**. * She dropped two tablets into the **glass** of water. Animate Source [AS] ------------------- * The fleas jumped from the poodle to **Sam**. * These presents are from **Larry**. * **You** gave me a great idea. * The rabbit jumped out of my **hands**. Inanimate Source [IS] --------------------- * The train left the **station**. * Ralf escaped from his **terrarium**. * This wine is from **Paris**. * Then he went from **here** to there. * I was hiding and then I jumped out of the **box**. Path [PT] --------- * The leaf fell **down**. * Then you make it go **up and around**. * Now you go **under**. * The car drove **through** it. * I hopped **around** the table. * I'm **far away**. Static Comparative [SC] ----------------------- * Jude is taller than **Jack**. * My flower is prettier than **yours**. * Americans are fatter than **Lithuanians**. * Superman is stronger than **Batman**. Active Comparative [AC] ----------------------- * I can eat more cheese than **you**. * Frogs can jump higher than **mice**. * Superman can run faster than **Batman**. * Batman chases more ladies than **Superman**. Instrument [IN] --------------- * She cut the pie with the **knife**. * I opened the box with **scissors**. * The **knife** cut his heart out. * Doug used **poison** to get revenge on his ex-wife. Accompanying Actor [AA] ----------------------- * He ate dinner with his **wife** * I want to go play with **Susie**. * Charles likes to watch television with his **grandpa**. Beneficiary [BE] ---------------- * I put the dishes away for my **mom**. * She took night classes to improve her Spanish for her **boyfriend**. * Graham painted a picture for **Rebecca**. * Dad made **me** deviled eggs. Time [TI] --------- * **Yesterday**, all our troubles seemed so far away. * **Now**, it looks as though they're here to stay. * Jasmine got one **last week**. * My dad comes home at **5 PM**. * We get to do a puzzle **everyday**. Location [LO] ------------- * I threw a penny into the well at the **park**. * The top is spinning on the **table**. * At **school**, our teacher gave us stickers. * Iona picked up the most trash on the **beach**.